ERP业务调研（采购篇）

在做ERP咨询与实施的过程中，咨询顾问、工程师发挥自己的专业技能，会向企业用户调研，那么调研具体问些什么问题呢？没有真正实施过项目的从业者是无法完整地进行调研，调研完成后需总结出业务与未来系统标准功能的差异，针对差异提供解决方案。这就是调研的目的，为业务（流程）建模（设计）提供依据。

Organizational Structures

Unit

• Client

• Plant

• PurchasingOrganization

• PurchasingGroups

Fit/Gap Questions

Do youhave centralized/decentralized purchasing organization ?

How arepurchasing groups set up by commodity or by plants ?

Are thepurchasing groups split by strategic and tactical groups ?

Initiate Purchasing

Activity List

• Create Purchase Order

• Purchase order confirmations, Acks & ASNs

• Purchase Order Reminders/urging letters

• Purchase Order Expediting

• Perform General Purchase Order Inquiry and Analysis Reporting

• Create Purchase Order with Reference to a Contract

• Create Purchase Order for Consignment Goods

• Enter Goods Issue / Transfer Posting from Consignment Stock

• Enter Goods Receipt for Consignment Goods

• Maintain Consignment Pricing

• Settle Withdrawal Liabilities

• Process Service Conditions

• Service Master Processing

• Create/Maintain Service Contracts

• Check EBP order status

• Determine source of supply in SRM

• Create limit order in EBP

Fit/Gap Questions

For Rawmaterials: Where are you getting your Purchasing requirements from?

Do yougenerate Purchasing Requisitions ORdo you directly generate Purchasing Orders in SAP ?

Do yourun MRP ?

Do youuse scheduling agreements ?

Do youprocure services ?

Do yourun it through a release strategy ? If yes is it for both?a) Rawmaterials

b)Services

Do youhave consignment inventory ?

Do youhave tolling agreements ?

Do youhave subcontracting agreements

Do youhave swaps and exchanges ?

Do youdo have stock transport orders ?

Do youuse info-records ? ( where is your pricing coming from) ?

Who isresponsible for your commondity pricing ?

Are youusing source lists ?

Do youuse workflow ?

How areyou ordering your MRO items ?

Does youuse MRP include raw materials and MRO items ?

What isyour frequency of your MRP run ?

Are youusing SAP Project Systems ?

Are youusing service orders ?

Anyinterfaces to your procurement system

Deliverymethod of POs ( Mail, fax, EDI, web-catalogue)

Do youuse P-Cards ?`

AnyAuto POs ?

Whatconditions do you use in your POs ( Frieght, Rebates, Frieght forwards etc?)

ASN ?

Do youuse SAP RFQ ?

How areyou managing your Vendor Master maintenence ?

Are youusing Parent/Child relationship in your vendor master ?

Do youdo vendor evaluation ?

Evaluationreceipt settlement ?

Goodsreceipt based invoicing ?

Do youuse Quota Arrangement ?

When doyou take ownership of your raw materials ? ( Shipping point etc)

Do youhave any Vendor Managed Inventory ? ( channel captains)

Purchasinggroups/ Material groups ? ( How are they set up)?

ThirdParty Orders ? ( Sales order -> Purchase Order)

Manualsource of supply vs. Automatic Source of supply

How isyour material master set up? (Any intelligent numbering?)

Do youuse Purchase Info Records for pricing ?

Whatpricing is used ? Net, Gross or Effective

Do youhave interfactory procurment ?

Did youconfigure any new material types ?

Do youhave Vendor Long Term Agreements ?

Manage Purchase Requisitions

Activity List

• ConvertPlanned Orders into Purchase Requisitions

• CreateMaterial Requisition-Manual

• ModifyRequisition

• AssignPurchase Requisition

• CreateRequest for Quotation

• DetermineBest Vendor

• EnterQuotation Data

• CreateSRM shopping cart

• Approve/rejectSRM shopping cart w/ wizard

• Approve/rejectSRM shopping cart w/o wizard

Fit/Gap Questions

Do youuse release strategies for Purchase requisitions ?

Automaticcreation of purchase orders from purchase requisitions ?

Evaluation criteria forquotations ?

Receive Material & Services

Stock Transport Stock, Raw Material Stock, Packaged Material Stock

Activity List

• CreateGoods Receipt For ERS

• CreatePurchase Order for ERS

• ExecuteERS

• MaintainVendor Master for ERS

• CreateGoods Receipt For Purchase Order

• CreateTransfer Order (Stock Placement)

• EnterGoods Receipt

• PutawayStock

• Issueand Receive MRO Materials

• CreateGoods Receipt for Purified Water

• Release/ Manage Purified Water

• SettleExpired Purified Water

• Confirmmaterials in EBP

• Confirmservices in EBP

Fit/Gap Questions

Do youuse ERS ?

Do youquality inspect your material ?

Do youuse block stock status?

How doyou handle returns ?

Do yourequire COA from your vendors ?

Whatare your batch sizes? (Does each truckload have to be a different line item?)

How isyour GR entered? ( manual, scan, scale)

ODT/UDT - Is it standard ?

How doyou manage your delivery dates ? ( daily/weekly) ?

Do youuse delivery schedules ?

Consumption-Based Planning ( MRP )

Activity List

• MRP Planning File entry

• Overall Material Requirements Planning

• Reorder Point Planning

• Master Data

• Planning Calendar

• Planning Calendar

• Quota Arrangements

• Material Requirements Planning - Individual

• Material Requirements Planning - Evaluation

• Planned Orders, Process Orders, Processing

• Conversion of a Planned Order, Process Order

Fit/Gap Questions

Enterall changes to master data, order modifications, PO changes etc. relevant toMRP.

How farin advance do you need to consider changes to planning?

In whattime intervals do you want to divide your planning horizon?

Howoften will you require MRP performance tuning?

Areenterprise areas/organizational units (storage location, for example) withina plant be planned separately (MRP area)?

If so, specify the type of planning for each area:

[ ] Material requirements planning [ ] Manual reorder point planning [ ] Automatic reorder point planning [ ] Forecast-based planning [ ] Time-phased materials planning

In whichtime intervals are planning runs carried out?

Shouldplanning runs be carried out online or as background jobs?

Is atrace on all receipts/withdrawals and stocks for sales orders required, thatis, is only the finished product made-to-order or the dependent components aswell?

Shouldplanning be excluded from automatic changes in a specified period of time?

WhichMRP procedure is used to plan the material requirements (MRP type)?

Should aplanning time fence be used with material requirements planning? How shouldpurchase requisitions be treated in this case?

Whichscope should the planning run have, that is, which type of planning run isrequired?

[ ] Net change planning[ ] Net change planning in the planning horizon

How isthe demand for externally procured materials met?

[ ] Planned orders[ ] Purchase requisitions[ ] Scheduling agreements

Shouldonly the basic dates be determined for the newly created planned orders orshould an additional lead time scheduling be carried out, which alsodetermines the capacity requirements.[ ] Basic scheduling for plannedorders[ ] Lead time scheduling and capacity planning

Whichprocedure are you using for lot-size calculation?

[ ] Statistic lot-sizingprocedure[ ] Periodic lot-sizing procedure[ ] Optimizing lot-sizing procedure[ ] N/a

Do youutilize any user-defined lot-sizing formulas?

Is itnecessary to represent planned orders as collective orders for the purpose ofcommon scheduling?

Are MRPlists required?

Will theplanning result be processed further after the planning run?

Who isresponsible for checking the results of requirements planning at yourcompany?

Whatrequirements do you have for the evaluations?

Arethere any specific reasons to change planned orders manually?

Whichprocurement objects do you want to be created during the conversion?

[ ] Production order[ ] Process order[ ] Purchase requisition

How doyou want the planned orders to be converted?

[ ] Individual conversion[ ] Collective conversion (online or in background)[ ] Partial conversion

Whichcriteria do you want to be taken into account during conversion (for example,MRP controller, release date, material, sales order)?